Class 12 History Project On Mahatma Gandhi PDF Free Download

Class 12 History Project On Mahatma Gandhi PDF Download Info

Class 12 History Project On Mahatma Gandhi PDF Free Download, Theme 12 Mahatma Gandhi And The Nationalist Movement, Mahatma Gandhi And The Nationalist Mo Ement.

Class 12 History Project On Mahatma Gandhi PDF

Parents And Birth Gandhi Was Born In Porbandar On October 2, 1869. The Youngest Of Putlibai And Karamchand Gandhi’s Three Sons, Mohandas Or Mohan Was The Youngest. The Latter Had Held The Position Of Prime Minister In Three Different Kathiawar States. He Was Regarded For His Steadfastness And Loyalty And Was As Straight And True As Steel. The “Kirti Mandir” Now Occupies The Little House Where Gandhi Was Born.

Initial Influences Putlibai Was A Traditional Indian Woman Who Was Austere, Deeply Religious, And Devoted To Her Home And Family. These Characteristics Deeply Impacted Young Gandhi. Witnessing King Harishchandra In The Play Endure Suffering For, And Ultimately Triumph In, His Adherence To Truth Had A Profound Impact On Gandhi’s Early Life. The Young Gandhi Wanted To Accomplish No Less.

Gandhi Shown No Particular Brilliance While Attending School, First The Primary In Porbandar And Then The Albert High School In Rajkot. He Also Avoided Company. He Did Not Read Much Outside Of Textbooks, But He Respected His Teacher, And Despite Being Asked, He Would Not Copy His Neighbor’s Answers.

At The Age Of Thirteen, Kasturba’s Marriage To Laxmida Was Almost A Play. Gandhi, However, Started Out As A Jealous And Possessive Husband Who Wished To Transform His Illiterate Wife Into The Ideal Spouse. He Also Had A Strong Attachment To His Older Brother, Laxmidas. When Their Father Passed Away, Laxmidas Assisted With His Education And Sent Him To England To Pursue A Legal Education.

In London, Putlibai Only Permitted Gandhi To Travel After He Promised To Live A Modest And Chaste Life. Gandhi Attempted To Imitate English Dress And Manners For A While. But Soon, He Went Back To Being Simple. A Vegetarian By Tradition, He Quickly Converted To Becoming One Out Of Conviction By Joining And Actively Participating In The London Vegetarian Society. In June 1891, He Was Called To The Bar.

Problems In South Africa Gandhi Travelled To South Africa In 1893 To Handle A Case. He Remained There For 21 Years, However, Despite The Fact That His Legal Work Was Soon Over, Advocating For Indian Rights And Defending Indentured Labour In Low Courts Against Discrimination. He Received Help From European Employees And Associates Like Polak And Kallenbach In This.

Ashram Village Gandhi Was Greatly Influenced By Tolstoy And Ruskin In Founding And Managing His Ashram Settlement At Phoenix And Tolstoy Farm Toward Leading A Simple Communal Life. Raj Chandra, A Jain Philosopher And Intellectual, Was The Third Member Of “The Moderns” To Make An Impression On Gandhi.

Service During An Emergency

Gandhi Incorporated Compassion For The Wrongdoer Into His Opposition To Wrong. He Assisted The Government In Times Of Need By Forming An Indian Ambulance And Stretcher-bearer Corps That Served In Close Proximity To The Front Lines Of Battle During The Zulu Rebellion And The Boer War. Gandhi Received Medals For His Contributions.

The Indian Conflict Both The British Indian Committee In The Transvaal And The Natal India Congress, Which Gandhi Founded In 1894 And Modelled After The Indian National Congress, Fought Against Restrictions On Indian Trade, Movement, And Residence. Gandhi Burned Thousands Of Registration Certificates In A Great Bonfire During The Campaign Against The “Black” Registration Act.

The Farm Of Tolstoy The Battle Against Passive Resistance Was Going To Take A While. Thousands Of Satyagrahis Experienced Trade, Property Loss, And Imprisonment. Gandhi Constructed Tolstoy Farm As A Colony For Housing Satyagrahis Families On Land Donated By Kallenbach. They Engaged In Farming, Fruit Cultivation, Simple Crafts, And Educational Activities—all Noble Experiments In Communal Living.

Gokhale The Great March: Gokhale Travelled To South Africa In 1892 And Personally Saw And Studied The Indian Problems. He Spoke With Top Government Officials And Obtained A Promise Of Relief While Advising Indian Moderation. However, The Government’s Failure To Abolish The Five Poll Taxes Left Them Hopeless. Gandhi, Against The Law, Led The “Great March” From Natal Into The Transvaal In November 1913.

Following Gandhi, Polak, And Kallenbach, The Martyrs Were Detained And Imprisoned. Woman Too Courted Incarceration Later, After Establishing The Solomon Commission Of Inquiry, The Government Freed Them. C. F. Andrews And Another Person Travelled To South Africa To Lobby The Government. Gandhi Was There When A Memorial For Martyrs Like Nagappan And Vilvilliamma Was Unveiled.
Gokhale The Great March: Gokhale Travelled To South Africa In 1892 And Personally Saw And Studied The Indian Problems. He Spoke With Top Government Officials And Obtained A Promise Of Relief While Advising Indian Moderation. However, The Government’s Failure To Abolish The Five Poll Taxes Left Them Hopeless. Gandhi, Against The Law, Led The “Great March” From Natal Into The Transvaal In November 1913.

Following Gandhi, Polak, And Kallenbach, The Martyrs Were Detained And Imprisoned. Woman Too Courted Incarceration Later, After Establishing The Solomon Commission Of Inquiry, The Government Freed Them. C. F. Andrews And Another Person Travelled To South Africa To Lobby The Government. Gandhi Was There When A Memorial For Martyrs Like Nagappan And Vilvilliamma Was Unveiled.

Mahatma Departs Gandhi Made The Decision To Go Back To India After The Indian Relief. In July 1914, The Mahatma Left South Africa After Receiving Farewell Tributes. When The Great War Started In England As People Were Returning Home. Gandhi Aided In The Development Of An Indian Volunteer Corps. Gandhi And Kasturba Sailed For India In December.

Gandhi’s Return Journey While Returning Home, Gandhi Prayed, “Lead Kindly Light,” Wondering What Was In Store For Him. With Kasturba By His Side, Gandhi Returned To India And Asked Gokhale, His “Political Guru,” For Advice While Dressed Simply In Kathiawadi Attire. He Was Counselled To Focus On Studying The Scene Rather Than Giving Speeches With Political Overtones.

Hero’s Salute The Guy In South Africa Who Had Bravely Fought For His People’s Honour And Human Dignity Via Satyagraha Was Greeted As A Hero Everywhere. He Took A Lot Of Third Class Trains As He Travelled Widely In Both The North And South. Meeting Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore In Shantiniketan Was Like Embarking On A Pilgrimage.

Honored Throughout Madras Gandhi Was Described By Natesan As The Embodiment Of Godliness And The Saint’s Wisdom, And Kasturba As The Embodiment Of Wisdom Virtue. Gandhi Founded The Satyagraha Ashram In Kochrab, Close To Ahmedabad, Where He Settled Down In May 1915. He Received The Kaiser-i-hind And Other Medals For His Military Ambulance Services.

Gandhi Was Unconcerned With The Outer Trappings Of The Champaran Satyagraha. At Banaras, He Ascribed The Princes’ Love Of Finery To Them. In Allahabad, He Stated That Morality Is More Important Than Material Progress. In 1917, Gandhi Conducted His First Satyagraha Test At India In Champaran, Bihar, Which Sparked An Investigation Into The Corrupt Indigo System And Contributed To Its Abolition.

Ashram In Sabarmati Gandhi Relocated His Ashram To Sabarmati In 1917 After The Plague Hit Kochrab. He Made Hriday Kunj His Home; Kasturba, Who Was Bound By Her Husband’s Vow Of Brahmacharya, Resided In A Separate Kuti. Gandhi Gathered Ashram Inmates For Prayer On The Nearby Grounds Each Morning And Evening.

Another Satyagraha At This Time, Lokmanya Tilak Dominated Indian Politics. Gandhi, However, Entered National Leadership In 1918 With A Satyagraha For The Remission Of Land Revenue In The Famine-stricken Kheda District As Well As The Ahmedabad Mill Workers’ Strike, Which He Fasted During So As Not To Weaken The Strikers. He Demanded Discipline And Consideration For Obligations Rather Than Just Rights During Prayer Gatherings Held Under Trees.

Sour Fruit India Saw No Freedom After The First World War, Only More Repression. Gandhi Requested A Nationwide Hartal In Opposition To The 1919 Rowlatt Act. He Preached The Satyagraha In Mosques And On Beaches, Calmed Rioters In Bombay And Ahmedabad, But Jallianwala In Punjab Was To See An Unprecedented And Brutal Massacre.

Murder In Jallianwala Bagh Thousands Of People Gathered In Jallianwala Bagh To Protest The Government’s Oppressive Policies. The Government Gave The Order For Troops To Open Fire On The Unarmed Crowd In An Effort To “Make An Example Of Them.” Hundreds Of Deaths A Reign Of Terror And Martial Law Followed. Gandhi, Who Had Been Deeply Shocked, Decided Not To Participate With An Evil Government And Returned His War Decorations.

Birth Of Non-cooperation The Indian National Congress In Calcutta Approved Of Non-cooperation, Including The Boycott Of Foreign Goods, Government-run Schools, And Law Courts. Gandhi Considered It To Be The Only Viable Alternative To Using Violence To Address The Khilafat And Punjab Injustices. Gujarat Vidyapith’s Founding In November 1920 Served As A Symbol Of The Nation’s Awakening.

Swaraj Fund-swadeshi “Swaraj In One Year” Was Gandhi’s Slogan. Leaders Of Many Shades Came Together, As At Madras, But Few Trusted Swaraj Could Came So Quickly. The People Rising To Gandhi’s Call, Raised A 10 Million Rupee Memorial Fund For Tilak Who Died On August 1, 1920. A Year Later A Spectacular Bonfire Of Foreign Cloth Ushered In The Era Of Swadeshi.

From Yerawada To Belgaum 1922 Saw An Eclipse: Following Violence At Chauri Chaura, Gandhi Suspended Non-cooperation. Arrested For Seditious Writings For Young India And Tried March 18, He Was Sentenced To Six Years, But An Operation Of Appendicitis Brought Early Release From Yerawada Prison. 1924 Was To See Him Once Again At The Helm At A Belgaum Congress.

Unity’s Quick Gandhi Imposed A 21-day Fast On Himself In September 1924 As A Religious Act That Taught Him To Love Everyone Equally And As A Means Of Putting An End To Hindu-muslim Tension. It Brought All The Leaders Together, Brought The Riot-torn Nation To Peace, And Sparked Some Heart-cleansing. It Led To A Mutual Cease-fire.

Deshbandhu’s Death In June 1925, The Swarajist Leader Deshbandhu C. R. Das Passed Away In Darjeeling, Where Gandhi Had Just Spent A Few Days. The Mahatma, Who Preached Non-cooperation, And Deshbandhu, Who Gave The Councils A Fight With The Government, Had Come Closer As A Result. Gandhi, Who Was Devastated By His Passing, Wrote A Moving Obituary In The Light Of The Funeral Pyre.

The Years 1925–1928 Saw Two Of Gandhi’s Leadership’s Most Significant Achievements: The Founding Of The All–india Spinner’s Association And The Vaikom Satyagraha For Allowing Untouchables To Use Temple Roads. Lajpat Rai, Who Died During The Simon Commission Boycott And Was A Hero Of The Bardoli Satyagraha, Motilal Nehru, Who Wrote The Constitution Report, And Jawaharlal, Who Supported The “Complete Independence” Resolution At The Calcutta Congress, Took The Stage For The Remaining Speeches.

Wheel Of Time The Wheel Of Time Then Began To Turn. Gandhi’s Unusual Use Of A Bicycle To Get On Time For A Meeting Revealed The Lengths To Which He Was Prepared To Go. Additionally, The Spinning Wheel—his Constant Companion And A Reminder Of His Identification With The Underprivileged—followed Him Everywhere He Went.

“The Year Of Grace”: The Salt Satyagraha Of 1929–1930. Gandhi Was Assembling His Forces In Preparation For An Assault On The Seat Of Power. The “Salt Satyagraha” Was Not Just A Disobedience Of The Salt Laws Or A Protest Against Taxing The Poor Man’s Diet. It Was A “Battle Of Right Against Might,” In Gandhi’s Words. Unbeknownst To The World, The Dandi March Became The “First Shot” In This Unusual Battle.

March Small, Dandi Though The Chosen Band, Its 200-mile March To The Sea Brought To Mind Gandhi’s Other “Great March” In South Africa In 1913. Prior To Engaging In Civil Disobedience, He Sent Viceroy Irwin A “Ultimatum.” He Had Prayed On His Knees And Requested Bread, But Was Given A Stone.

Truce And Release India Was Afire. Satyagraha, Strikes, Picketing, Boycott Of Foreign Goods And No-tax Campaigns Were The Order Of The Day. Lakhs Were Jailed. Thousands Suffered Loss Of Limb, Hundreds Died On Lathi Charges, Firing. Sapru, Jaykar Helped To Bring About A Truce. Gandhi Was Released On June 25, 1931. While Resting In Bombay, He Took Counsels With His Associates, He Wanted Peace But With Honour.

The Nehrus Drawn Into The Political Struggle, Largely Under Gandhi’s Influence, Motilal And Jawaharlal Occupied The Centre Of The Stage. At Allahabad They Had Presided Over And Addressed Meetings Attended By Leaders Like Kripalani, Tandon, Malaviya. When In February 1931, Motilal Died, Gandhi Felt “Widowed”, And Said, “What I Have Lost Is Loss For Ever”. Jawaharlal Was A Rich Legacy.

Karachi Order When The Congress Gathered In Karachi In March, It Approved A Resolution Supporting The Gandhi-irwin Pact That Had Been Proposed By Jawaharlal And Seconded By Badshan Khan. It Reaffirmed “Poorna Swaraj’s” Objectives And Gave Gandhi Permission To Represent It In The London Second Round Table Conference. Additionally, Congress Praised Bhagat Singh And His Companions For Their Bravery In Dying As Martyrs For Their Nation’s Freedom.

Way Clear For R. T. C. The Gandhi-irwin Pact’s Official Implementation Was Only Partially Successful. Repression And Unrest Were Present In The Frontier Province. Gandhi Honored The Truce Pledge And Introduced Viceroy Willingdon To Official Branches At Simla. Gandhi Saw The R. T. C.’s Path Clear In August Following A Second Settlement; On August 29 In Bombay, The Nation Urged Him To Move Quickly.

Gandhi Was Accompanied In His Quest For Freedom By Malaviya, Sarojini Naidu, Madhav, Pyarelal-his Secretary, Miraben, And Son Devdas. He Was In Good Spirits While On Board S.s. Rajputana And Engaged In Conversation With Other Passengers, Made Friends With And Played With Young Children, Held Prayer Meetings, Spoke, Looked Over The Ship’s Equipment, Dozed On The Deck In The Sunshine, And Spun The Spinning Wheel The Majority Of The Time.

Everywhere Friends Gandhi Received Greetings From Egypt In Suez, Met Indian Delegations, And Spoke With Journalists. At Marseilles, He Made Friends From Over Europe, Including Deenbandhu C. F. Andrews. When Gandhi And His Party Arrived In London On September 12, They Went To The East End, Where They Lived Among The Underprivileged Coal Miners And Factory Workers At Kingsley Hall, Which Was Run By Muriel Lester, His English Hostess.

He Didn’t Need The Two Top Detectives That Scotland Yard Had Sent To Guard Him When He Met The People. Children And Women, Common People And The Gentry Gathered Around Mahatma Wherever He Went, Much As They Did When Famous Comedian Charles Chaplin Called. Additionally, Gandhi Is Said To Have Made Him Laugh.

Engaging Leaders Gandhi Interacted With Several Groups Of Academics, Social Workers, And Students. Dealt With Several Meetings. He Visited Coal Miners’ Cottages, East End Kids Made Him Birthday Cakes With Candles, And He Talked About India With Leaders From All Walks Of Life, Including The “Red Dean” Of Canterbury, Dr. Hewlett Johnson.

He Didn’t Need The Two Top Detectives That Scotland Yard Had Sent To Guard Him When He Met The People. Children And Women, Common People And The Gentry Gathered Around Mahatma Wherever He Went, Much As They Did When Famous Comedian Charles Chaplin Called. Additionally, Gandhi Is Said To Have Made Him Laugh.

Engaging Leaders Gandhi Interacted With Several Groups Of Academics, Social Workers, And Students. Dealt With Several Meetings. He Visited Coal Miners’ Cottages, East End Kids Made Him Birthday Cakes With Candles, And He Talked About India With Leaders From All Walks Of Life, Including The “Red Dean” Of Canterbury, Dr. Hewlett Johnson.

Greetings From Lancashire Gandhi Travelled To Lancashire’s Cotton Mills District, Which Had Been Severely Impacted By The Foreign Clothing Boycott. Men Were Jobless, Women Were Miserable, And Looms Were Idle. However, They Understood Him And Even Applauded Him When He Spoke To Them And Described The Plight Of India’s Peasants. He Also Took Time Out To Visit The Islington Dairy Animal Show And Pet The Goats That Won Prizes.

Useless Quest Gandhi Attended The Round Table Conference, His Primary Business, In The Midst Of All Of His Social Engagements. He Fervently Pleaded With The British Leaders To Grant His Country Freedom In Order To Prevent A Breakup. However, They Did Not Pay Attention To Him, And He Was Left Penniless On British Soil. Gandhi Was Met On The Way Home In Villeneuve, Switzerland.

Returning To India In 1932, Gandhiji Witnessed Willingdon’s Ordinance Raj Everywhere: Close Friends And Colleagues Were Detained. He Was Soon Sent To Yeravda Prison By Himself. He Fasted In September In Opposition To The Intercommunal Violence Occurring Under The Mango Tree. He Influenced Hindu Thought, Which Resulted In The Yeravda Pact. He Was Released For His Work With The Harijans On A Second Fast In May 1933.

From Segaon To Sabarmati Gandhi Dissolved The Sabarmati Ashram In July 1933 After The Solemn Last Prayer. He Relocated To Wardha’s Satyagraha Ashram In September. The Morning Walks From Now On Were On Wardha’s Plains. He Began His Nationwide Harijan Tour In November, Beginning In Nagpur, With The Goal Of Awakening The Masses To A Sense Of Responsibility About The Abolition Of Untouchability.

Tireless Journey The Life Of Gandhiji Is Well Known For His Tireless Journey Across The Country In Pursuit Of The Mass Of The Ignorant And Oppressed. The Goal Of The 1934 Tour, Which He Referred To As The “Hari Jans” Or The Children Of God, Was To Elevate The “Untouchable.”

The Blot Of Impassibility Gandhiji Spoke At Gatherings And To People All Across The World About The Blot Of Untouchability And The Responsibility Of Hindus To Remove It. He Hurried To Bihar After The Earthquake There In January 1934 To Start Relief Efforts, Although He Believed The Disaster Was God’s Retribution For Hindus’ Sin.

Leaving The Congress At The Bombay Congress In October 1934, He Parted Ways With His Company. He Saw Poorna Swaraj’s Goal Differently Than The Congress Did. His Was More Than Independence, Because He Was. Means Were As Important As Ends. The All-india Village Industrious Association Was Established Thanks To The Congress Session.

Village Work And Swadeshi Occupied The Majority Of Gandhiji’s Time And Attention. He Worked With Jamnalal Bajaj And J. C. Kumarappa, Among Others. He Spoke To Construction Workers From Several Regions Of The Nation And Shown Keen Interest In Activities As Simple As Composting, Which Are Essential For Reviving Local Economies.

Working And Praying Gandhiji’s Thoughts Were Preoccupied With Harijan Upliftment, And He Sought The Advice Of Dependable Social Workers Like Thakkar Bapa. He Led The Tallest Of His Colleagues To Mass Prayers In The Bhangi Or Harijan Colony At The Same Time He Combined The Act Of Prayer With Thought And Deed. The Government Of India Act Of 1935 Was Being Drafted At The Time.

Reduced Plague Gandhiji Always Made A Special Effort To Help The Plague Victims, Whether In South Africa Or India. Borsad And Other Gujarati Villages Had An Epidemic In 1935. Gandhiji Visited Them With The Help Of Morarji Desai, Sardar Patel, And Other Trusted Lieutenants. He Emphasised Sanitation And Instructed The Populace On How To Get Rid Of Rats.

Gandhiji Had The Support Of Intellectuals Like Nehru And Azad In His Dynamic Programme For The Reconstruction Of Rural India. While Presiding Over The Literary Conference In Nagpur In 1936 And Extolling The Virtues Of Literature, He Wasted No Time In Emphasising The Dignity Of Labour And Serving As An Example For Others.